| LYMPHOMA, LEUKOSIS, ENZOOTIC, BLV, SPORADIC, JUVENILE, THYMIC BOVINE | |
| Description | Bovine Leukemia Virus, family RETROVIRIDAE, genus DELTARETROVIRUS, causes Enzootic Bovine Leukosis in cattle over 2-years old. Sporadic Bovine Lymphoma is uncommon and generally presents as one of three forms: multicentric lymph node involvement in calves from birth up to 6-months of age; thymic involvement in cattle up to 2-years of age; and a skin form most common in 1-3-year-old animals. Sporadic Bovine Lymphoma has been classified as distinct from Enzootic Bovine Leukosis. |
| Species | Bovine |
| Signs | Abdominal distention, Abnormal anal, perineal, tail reflexes, Abnormal forelimb reflexes, Abnormal hindlimb reflexes, Abnormal proprioceptive positioning, Abnormal pupillary response to light, Abnormal upper airway breathing sounds, Absence of tooth, Agalactia, Anisocoria, Anorexia, Arrhythmia, Ascites, Ataxia, Back hypoesthesia, Blindness, Bloat in ruminants, Bradycardia, Buphthalmia, Chemosis, Circling, Cold skin, Colic, Coma, Conjunctival, scleral, injection, Conjunctival, scleral, redness, Corneal edema, opacity, Corneal neovascularization, Corneal swelling, mass, nodule, plaque, Corneal ulcer, Coughing, Decreased amount of stools, absent feces, constipation, Dehydration, Diarrhea, Dull areas on percussion of chest, thorax, Dullness, Dysmetria, Dysphagia, Dyspnea, Enlarged, distended, urinary bladder, Epistaxis, Excessive salivation, Exophthalmos, Fecal incontinence, Fever, Forelimb hypoesthesia, Forelimb lameness, Forelimb weakness, Generalized lameness or stiffness, Generalized weakness, Head or neck crepitation, crepitus, Head pressing, Head tilt, Head, face, ears, jaw, nose, nasal, swelling, Head, face, neck, tongue hypoesthesia, Heart murmur, Hemiparesis, Hindlimb atrophy, Hindlimb hypoesthesia, Hindlimb lameness, Hypopyon, lipid, or fibrin, flare, of anterior chamber, Icterus, Inability to stand, Increased respiratory rate, Internal abdominal mass, Intraocular mass, Jugular pulse, Lack of growth or weight gain, Lacrimation, Laryngeal, tracheal, pharyngeal swelling, Loose teeth, Lymphadenopathy, Mammary gland swelling, Melena or occult blood in feces, stools, Moist skin, hair or feathers, Muffled, decreased, heart sounds, Mydriasis, Neck swelling, Ocular pain, Oliguria or anuria, Oral cavity, tongue swelling, Orbital, periorbital, periocular, conjunctival swelling, Pain on external abdominal pressure, Pale, Palpable enlarged kidney, Paraparesis, Pelvic or perineal swelling, Peripheral venous distention, Petechiae, ecchymoses, purpura, Ping left side, Ping right side, Prolapsed third eyelid, Proteinuria, Pruritus, Ptosis, Purulent discharge from eye, Rumen hypomotility or atony, Skin crusts, Skin edema, Skin plaque, Skin ulcer, Sudden death, Swelling mass uterus, Swelling skin or subcutaneous, Swelling, mass external abdomen, Tachycardia, Tail, anal hypoesthesia, Tenesmus, Tetraparesis, Thoracic or abdominal hypoesthesia, Thoracic swelling, Underweight, Urinary incontinence, Ventricular premature beat, Vomiting or regurgitation, Weakness of one hindlimb, Weight loss |
| References | Mendes RE. A divergent anatomic distribution of bovine lymphoma: time for an update. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 2025 [https://doi.org/10.1177/10406387251366329] Lombard JE. Biosecurity Practices for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis Infection, Salmonellosis, and Bovine Leukemia Virus on Cattle Operations. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 2025 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2024.11.003] Milićević V. Performance of 5 commercial ELISA kits for the detection of antibody to bovine leukemia virus. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 2024 [https://doi.org/10.1177/10406387241280629] John EE. Temporal patterns of bovine leukemia virus infection in dairy herds in Atlantic Canada. Can Vet J 2024 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11017928/] Shrestha S. Removing bovine leukemia virus infected animals with high proviral load leads to lowering within-herd prevalence and new case reduction. J Dairy Sci 2024 [https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2023-24484] |