| ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY, CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, RENAL FAILURE CANINE FELINE | |
| Description | Acute Kidney Injury is sudden damage to the renal parenchyma due to ischemia, infection, nephrotoxicity, or inflammation, often with an abrupt decrease in glomerular filtration rate. In Chronic Kidney Disease, the common Kidney Disease of cats and dogs, there are progressive functional or structural changes in one or both kidneys for more than 3 months. Chronic Kidney Disease is often idiopathic but can be familial or caused by: glomerular diseases; infections; ischemia; nephrotoxicity; neoplasia; previous Acute Kidney Disease; or urinary obstruction. Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease are not completely-separate processes; Acute can lead to the development of Chronic and vice versa. |
| Species | Canine, Feline |
| Signs | Abdominal distention, Abnormal behavior, aggression, changing habits, Abnormal breath odor, Abnormal lung or pleural sounds, Abnormal proprioceptive positioning, Alopecia, Anorexia, Arrhythmia, Ascites, Ataxia, Back pain, Bloody stools, feces, hematochezia, Bradycardia, Chemosis, Circling, Cold skin, Colic, Coma, Conjunctival, scleral, injection, Conjunctival, scleral, redness, Coughing, Decreased amount of stools, absent feces, constipation, Decreased, muffled, lung sounds, Dehydration, Diarrhea, Difficulty in prehending or chewing food, Dryness oral mucosa, Dullness, Dysmetria, Dysphagia, Dyspnea, Dysuria, Enlarged, distended, urinary bladder, Enophthalmos, Epistaxis, Excessive salivation, Exercise intolerance, Fever, Generalized weakness, Glucosuria, Head, face, ears, jaw, nose, nasal, swelling, Head, face, neck spasms, Heart murmur, Hematemesis, Hematuria, Hemoglobinuria or myoglobinuria, Hyphema, Hypothermia, Increased frequency of urination, Increased respiratory rate, Lack of growth or weight gain, Loose teeth, Lymphadenopathy, Melena or occult blood in feces, stools, Mouth, oral mucosal or tongue pain, Muffled, decreased, heart sounds, Oliguria or anuria, Oral mucosal ulcers, vesicles, Pain, kidney, ureters, on palpation, Pain on external abdominal pressure, Pale, Palpable enlarged kidney, Palpable small kidney, Paraparesis, Petechiae, ecchymoses, purpura, Polydipsia, Polyuria, Prolonged capillary refill time, Proteinuria, Red or brown urine, Retinal detachment, Rough hair coat, Seizures or syncope, Skin edema, Tachycardia, Tenesmus, Tongue ulcers, vesicles, Trembling, Tremor, Underweight, Urinary incontinence, Vomiting or regurgitation, Weak pulse, Weight loss |
| References | Le Corre E. Antoine Rostang, Clinical outcomes and association with disease progression and survival of subclinical bacteriuria in cats with chronic kidney disease: a multicenter retrospective study. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2026 [https://doi.org/10.1093/jvimsj/aalag064] Coyne M. Use of a veterinary therapeutic renal diet in cats with early chronic kidney disease is associated with slower disease progression and improved survival. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2026 [https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.10.0665] Bennett Z. Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats After Subcutaneous Ureteral Bypass Placement Compared to Cats With Idiopathic Chronic Kidney Disease. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2025 [https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70242] Stacey EJ. Prevalence of Acute Kidney Injury and Its Association With Severity and Outcome in Small Animal Trauma Patients: 387 Cases (2017–2021). J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2025 [https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.70006] George ZM. Quantification of defecation frequency in cats with and without chronic kidney disease. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 2025 [https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X251348011] Mullowney D. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease in dogs. In Practice 2025 [https://doi.org/10.1002/inpr.555] Quinn CT. Time course of clinical signs and mortality in dogs with severe perioperative acute kidney injury: A scoping review. Aust Vet J 2025 [https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13454] Marynissen S. Longitudinal Study of Renal Health Screening in Apparently Healthy Aging Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2025 [https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70116] Chen H. Effects of Paricalcitol on Renal Secondary Hyperparathyroidism and Proteinuria in Dogs With Chronic Kidney Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2025 [https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70063] Schultz DM. Analysis of survival among biopsy-determined categories of kidney disease in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2025 [https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.17301] Puccinelli C. Prognostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in dogs with acute renal injury treated with haemodialysis. Vet Rec 2025 [https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.4959] |