| GINGIVITIS, STOMATITIS, GINGIVOSTOMATITIS, CHRONIC, NECROTIZING, ULCERATIVE CANINE, FELINE | |
| Description | Gingivitis is inflammation of the perialveolar gum margins. The usual cause is accumulation of dental plaque/tarter, or tooth eruption. Sequelae of severe untreated disease include gingival hypertrophy, periodontal disease, and alveolar abscess formation. Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis is an intense inflammation of gingival and non-gingival oral mucosa that is refractory to medical treatment. Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis and Stomatitis of dogs and cats, 'trench mouth', is a syndrome of multiple etiologies that often involve immunosuppression; ulcers can occur anywhere in the mouth and can have a pseudomembranous exudate. |
| Species | Canine, Feline |
| Signs | Abnormal breath odor, Absence of tooth, Anorexia, Congestion oral mucous membranes, Dehydration, Difficulty in prehending or chewing food, Dullness, Dysphagia, Erythema, redness of pharynx, Excessive salivation, Fever, Hemorrhage of any body part or clotting failure, Laryngeal, tracheal, pharyngeal swelling, Loose teeth, Lymphadenopathy, Mouth, oral mucosal or tongue pain, Oral cavity, tongue swelling, Oral mucosal ulcers, vesicles, Pain, pharynx, larynx, trachea, Pharyngeal ulcers, vesicles, Rough hair coat, Tongue protrusion, Tongue ulcers, vesicles, Underweight, Weight loss |
| References | Williams JL. Prevalence and risk factors for gingivitis in a cohort of UK companion cats aged up to 6 years. J Small Anim Pract 2024 [https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13737] Nekouei O. Effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis. Veterinary Evidence 2024 [https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v9i1.680] Soltero-Rivera M. Feline chronic gingivostomatitis current concepts in clinical management. J Feline Med Surg 2023 [https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X231186834] Soltero-Rivera M. Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for feline chronic gingivostomatitis: Long term experience. Front Vet Sci 2023 [https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1171922] Bizikova P. Erosive and ulcerative stomatitis in dogs and cats: which immune-mediated diseases to consider? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023 [https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.22.12.0573] O’Neill DG. Periodontal disease in cats under primary veterinary care in the UK: frequency and risk factors. J Feline Med Surg 2023 [https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X231158154] Yamaki S. The association between gingivitis and oral spirochetes in young cats and dogs. PLoS ONE 2023 [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281126] Kim D-H. Prevalence of feline chronic gingivostomatitis in feral cats and its risk factors. J Feline Med Surg 2023 [https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X221131453] Soltero-Rivera M. Clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features of early-onset gingivitis and periodontitis in cats (1997–2022). J Feline Med Surg 2023 [https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X221148577] Ford KR. Medical Management of Canine Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis Using Cyclosporine and Metronidazole. J Vet Dent 2023 [https://doi.org/10.1177/08987564221148755] |