| SALMONELLA, SALMONELLOSIS RUMINANT | |
| Description | The Gram-negative rod of the zoonotic genus SALMONELLA has one species called ENTERICA, 6 subspecies and over 2000 serotypes, some of which are host-adapted. Signs range from acute to chronic; shedders can carry the organism without signs. Bovine clinical Salmonellosis is most common in calves but can occur at any age. Septicemia, especially in young calves, causes sloughing of the skin of the extremities in rare cases and meningitis is sometimes part of the disease syndrome. Abortion can follow fetal infection. In sheep some serovars of the zoonotic bacterium SALMONELLA ENTERICA are associated primarily with abortion but others cause signs in other body systems. In addition to acute disease a chronic recurring salmonellosis has been reported. Chronic Proliferative Rhinitis was associated with S. ENTERICA subspecies DIARIZONAE. SALMONELLA causes abortion, diarrhea and/or septicemia in goats. |
| Species | Bovine, Caprine, Ovine |
| Signs | Abnormal upper airway breathing sounds, Abortion or weak newborns, Agalactia, Alopecia, Anorexia, Bloody stools, feces, hematochezia, Cold skin, Colic, Coma, Congestion oral mucous membranes, Conjunctival, scleral, injection, Conjunctival, scleral, redness, Coughing, Cyanosis, Dark color stools, feces, Dehydration, Diarrhea, Dullness, Dyspnea, Female infertility, Fever, Forelimb lameness, Forelimb swelling, Generalized lameness or stiffness, Generalized weakness, Hindlimb lameness, Hindlimb swelling, Icterus, Inability to stand, Increased respiratory rate, Lack of growth or weight gain, Mastitis, Melena or occult blood in feces, stools, Moist skin, hair or feathers, Mucoid nasal discharge, Mucous, mucoid stools, feces, Opisthotonus, Pale, Purulent nasal discharge, Reluctant to move, Rough hair coat, Rumen hypomotility or atony, Seizures or syncope, Skin necrosis, Sudden death, Tachycardia, Underweight, Unusual or foul odor, stools, feces, Weight loss |
| References | Roche S. Salmonella Dublin in dairy cattle: Review of state of the science. Can Vet J 2025 [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11932371/] Denholm K. Enteric disease and calf management. Part 1: aetiology and diagnostics. In Practice 2025 [https://doi.org/10.1002/inpr.527] Lombard JE. Biosecurity Practices for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis Infection, Salmonellosis, and Bovine Leukemia Virus on Cattle Operations. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 2025 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2024.11.003] Loy JD. Current and Emerging Diagnostic Approaches to Bacterial Diseases of Ruminants. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2023 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2022.10.006] |